HPLC Method for Separation and Analysis of N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, Perchlorate, N-Acetyl (Carbamoylmethyl) cysteine, Diphenyl phosphate, N-Acetyl-S-propyl-L-cysteine with an MS-Compatible Mobile Phase on a Newcrom B Column by SIELC Technologies.

Metabolites and biomarkers are key terms in the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology, and medicine.

N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA) is a common metabolite of the herbicide and pollutant Acrolein with the chemical formula C₈H₁₅NO₄S. It is primarily used to check for tobacco and pollutant exposure in urine samples.

2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid (2HIB) is a neuro and adrenal toxin with the chemical formula C₄H₈O₃. It is a common metabolite of the fuel additives Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE).

N-Acetyl(Carbomylethyl)cysteine (NAE) is a metabolite of Acrylamide which can act as a neuro toxin in cases of long term exposure. It has the chemical formula C₈H₁₄N₂O₄S.

N-Acetyl(propyl)cysteine (NAPR) is a metabolite of the popular industrial organic solvent 1-bromopropane (1-BP) with the chemical formula C₈H₁₅NO₃S. It is s biomarker that forms in the urinary tract when the body detoxifies industrial propyl-based solvents.

Perchlorate, also written as PERC, is an inorganic compound with the formula ClO₄^–. It is most typically used for explosives. For example, fireworks and rocket propellants. Due to it’s water solubility, it can easily contaminate it. When ingested, it can pose a health risk and cause developmental harm. It inhibits thyroid activity and can be used to treat hyperthyroidism, but can be toxic in large amounts or in regularly-functioning thyroids.

Diphenylphosphate (DPP) is a metabolite of the popular flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) with the chemical formula C₁₂H₁₁O₄P. It is produced when the body breaks down certain organophosphate glame retardants and is used in medical setting to track contact with the items.

N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, Perchlorate, N-Acetyl (Carbamoylmethyl) cysteine, Diphenyl phosphate, N-Acetyl-S-propyl-L-cysteine can be retained, separated, and analyzed on a mixed-mode [columnn] column with a mobile phase consisting of water, Acetonitrile (MeCN), and Ammonium Acetate (AmAc). This analytical method can be detected with high resolution and peak symmetry with many evaporative detection methods, including Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD), Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD), and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for Mass Spectrometry (MS).

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HPLC Method for Chloride, Methanesulfonic Acid, TFA (Trifluoroacetic Acid), Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide, Perchlorate on BIST A+ by SIELC Technologies

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Chloride, Methanesulfonic Acid, TFA (Trifluoroacetic Acid), Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide, Perchlorate.

Perchlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula ClO₄^–. It is most typically used for explosives. For example, fireworks and rocket propellants. Due to it’s water solubility, it can easily contaminate it. When ingested, it can pose a health risk and cause developmental harm.

Iodide, the Ionic form of Iodine, I^– is essential for thyroid hormone production. Lack of it can lead to iodine deficiency disorders. It is typically found in Iodized salt and occasionally as an antiseptic.

Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) is a synthetic organofluorine acid with the chemical formula C₂HF₃O₂. It is a substitution derivative of acetic acid, with fluorine atoms replacing the hydrogen atoms of the acetyl group. It is also a much stronger acid than acetic acid. TFA is widely used in organic synthesis as well as ion pairing reagent or buffer in HPLC. It is corrosive and toxic to aquatic life and mammals, causing severe irritation and burns to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. Not only that, TFA is also highly mobile and persistent, leading to high retention of it in soil and water. Determination of it’s threat level on the environmental and health levels are still ongoing. You can find detailed UV spectra of Trifluoroacetic Acid and information about its various lambda maxima by visiting the following link.

Nitrate, NO₃^–, is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen. It is essential as a nutrient in plants; therefore, it is often used in fertilizers. It is easily found in leafy greens. While it is important for cardiovascular health, too high of exposure to it can be dangerous.

Bromide is typically used to refer to a compound or molecule that contains a bromide anion: Br^–. It is often found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains.

Methanesulfonic acid, written on occasion as MsOH or MSA, is a non-volatile catalyst with the chemical formula CH₄O₃S. It is used primarily as a replacement for other acids in industrial and laboratory applications due to being biodegradable. It is used often in electroplating of tin and tin0lead soldiers sa well as a key ingredient in rust and scale removers.

Chloride is typically used to refer to a compound or molecule that contains a chlorine anion: Cl^–. It is an electrolyte that is essential for bodily functions including blood pH, fluid balance, cellular functions, and more. Imbalance of chloride can indicate underlying health problems.

Using SIELC’s newly introduced BIST™ method, a mixture of many different inorganic anions can be separated on a negatively-charged, cation-exchange BIST A+ column, contrary to conventional chromatographic wisdom. There are two keys to this retention method: 1) a multi-charged, positive buffer, such as N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMDAP), which acts as a bridge, linking the negatively-charged anion analytes to the negatively-charged column surface and 2) a mobile phase consisting mostly of organic solvent (such as MeCN) to minimize the formation of a solvation layer around the charged analytes. Other positively-charged buffers that can generate BIST™ include Calcium acetate and Magnesium acetate. Using this new and unique analysis method, these anions can be separated, retained, and detected through ELSD. This method is also compatible with Mass Spectrometry.

HPLC Method for Glyphosate, Phosphorous acid, Fosetyl-Al, Bromide, Chlorate, Perchlorate, Bialaphos, Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), Bromate, Sodium Bromate, 3-(Methylphosphinico)propionic acid on Newcrom B by SIELC Technologies

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Glyphosate, Phosphorous acid, Fosetyl-Al, Bromide, Chlorate, Perchlorate, Bialaphos, Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), Bromate, Sodium Bromate, 3-(Methylphosphinico)propionic acid.

Pesticide is a more generic term that includes herbicides, fungicides and insecticides in its definition. Herbicides are used to control unwanted plants, they are also known as weedkillers. Insecticides are used to kill insects. Fungicides are used to kill parasitic fungi. All are heavily used in agriculture. By using HPLC, many different pesticides can be separated and their retention characteristics controlled using the Newcrom B mixed-mode column.

The ionic forms of Chlorate, Perchlorate, and Phosphonates are useful in many industries including medicine, paper and use in explosives. Due to their lack of UV activity, an ELSD was used to detect both the anions and cations of all three sodium salts. The ions were retained on both Primesep D and Obelisc R columns. Primesep D is a reverse phase column with embedded basic ion-pairing groups. Obelisc R is also a reverse phase column, but can be additionally tuned due to embedded ionic groups and a hydrophobic chain.

HPLC Method for Chlorate, Perchlorate, Sodium Chlorate, Chloride on Newcrom B by SIELC Technologies

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Chlorate, Perchlorate, Sodium Chlorate, Chloride 

Main source of contamination of environment by perchlorates are rocket fuels, car airbags, and fireworks.
EPA developed regulation of the perchlorate level in drinking water which already adapted by several states.HPLC analysis of [compound] with Newcrom B. Includes separation method, chromatogram, and mobile phase.
The most convenient, universal and very sensitive way to measure perchlorate is chromatography.
SIELC developed a simple, rugged, and selective HPLC method which allows to measure perchlorate in different matrices including drinking water.
This method allows to measure simultaneously other chloro containing ions such as chloride, and chlorate.
The method shows high selectivity and specificity.
The mobile phase is a simple mixture of water acetonitrile and ammonium formate.
The column used in the analysis has advanced surface chemistry with long chain holding a terminal positively changed functional group.

HPLC Method for Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulfate, Iodine, Perchlorate, Iodide on Newcrom BH by SIELC Technologies

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulfate, Iodine, Perchlorate, Iodide 

Sodium, which  has a chemical symbol of Na, is a soft alkali metal that is highly reactive.  It is found in abundance in everyday materials like table salt, sea water, and even the Earth’s crust. It is crucial  for the body’s function and fluid balance.

Phosphate, PO₄^3-, is a compound that plays an important part in biological energy transfer. It contains phosphorus, which is also a key component in bones and teeth. It is also a buffer, which helps maintain pH levels in a body.

Chloride is typically used to refer to a compound or molecule that contains a chlorine anion: Cl^–. It is an electrolyte that is essential for bodily functions including blood pH, fluid balance, cellular functions, and more. Imbalance of chloride can indicate underlying health problems.

Bromide is typically used to refer to a compound or molecule that contains a bromide anion: Br^–. It is often found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains.

Nitrate, NO₃^–, is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen. It is essential as a nutrient in plants; therefore, it is often used in fertilizers. It is easily found in leafy greens. While it is important for cardiovascular health, too high of exposure to it can be dangerous.

Iodide, the Ionic form of Iodine, I^– is essential for thyroid hormone production. Lack of it can lead to iodine deficiency disorders. It is typically found in Iodized salt and occasionally as an antiseptic.

Sulfate is an ionic chemical with the formula SO₄^2-. In nature, it is usually found in geodes like gypsum. It is also created in atmosphere from sulfur dioxide. It is used for a variety of applications, but most notably, coloring wood and creating light-reflecting paints.

Perchlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula ClO₄^–. It is most typically used for explosives. For example, fireworks and rocket propellants. Due to it’s water solubility, it can easily contaminate it. When ingested, it can pose a health risk and cause developmental harm.

Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulfate, Iodine, Perchlorate, Iodide can be retained and analyzed using the Newcrom BH stationary phase column. The analysis utilizes an isocratic method with a simple mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile (MeCN) with a Ammonium Acetate buffer. Detection is performed using CAD.

HPLC Method for Chlorate, Perchlorate, Phosphonate, Sodium on Obelisc R by SIELC Technologies

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Chlorate, Perchlorate, Phosphonate, Sodium.

The ionic forms of Chlorate, Perchlorate, and Phosphonates are useful in many industries including medicine, paper and use in explosives. Due to their lack of UV activity, an ELSD was used to detect both the anions and cations of all three sodium salts. The ions were retained on both Primesep D and Obelisc R columns. Primesep D is a reverse phase column with embedded basic ion-pairing groups. Obelisc R is also a reverse phase column, but can be additionally tuned due to embedded ionic groups and a hydrophobic chain.

The majority of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry are administered in salt form. The presence of two counter-ions very often necessitates the use of two methods. The nature of these counterparts in drugs can be an inorganic cation and organic acid, inorganic anion and organic base, and organic cation and organic anion. Furthermore, the properties of the molecules will result in a differing stoichiometry. The task of simultaneous quantitation of counter-ions can be achieved by using mixed-mode columns. The general approach for analysis is based on properties of corresponding counter-ions. Hydrophobic basic drugs, like dextromethorphan, verapamil, trimipramine, and corresponding acidic counter-ions (chloride, chlorate, bromide, bromate, perchlorate, maleate, fumarate,tartrate, succinate, phosphate, citrate, benzosulfonate, toleuensulfonate) can be separated and quantitated in the same run on reversed-phase anion-exchange column. Basic hydrophobic drugs are retained by the reversed-phase mechanism, and counter-ions are retained by the reversed-phase and anion-exchange mechanism. Some polar counter-ions are retained only by the anion-exchange mechanism. Retention time and selectivity of HPLC separation of drugs and counter-ions can be achieved by changing the amount of acetonitrile and the amount of ions in the mobile phase. The detection technique depends on the properties of the counter-ions. In case of low or no UV activity, ELSD can be employed if the counter-ion forms a non-volatile salt with the mobile phase additive (ammonium formate). This HPLC method can be used for simultaneous quantitation of other basic drugs and counter-ions. The presence of two mechanisms of retention allows control over retention times of drug and counter-ion independently, and even allows a change of order of elution when necessary.