Perchlorate

CAS Number14797-73-0
Molecular FormulaClO4
Molecular Weight99.450
InChI KeyVLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP-4.63
Synonyms
  • Perchlorate
  • Perchlorato, ion(1-)
  • 14797-73-0
  • Perchlorate ion
  • Perchlorate ion (ClO41-)
  • Perchlorate ion(1-)
  • Perchlorate(1-)
  • Perchloric acid, ion(1-)
  • Perchlorate ions
  • UNII-VLA4NZX2P4
  • 181259-57-4
  • 60349-26-0

Applications:

HPLC-MS Method for Separation of Metabolites and Biomarkers on Newcrom B Column

September 8, 2023

HPLC Method for Separation and Analysis of Acidic Toxin Metabolites with an MS-Compatible Mobile Phase on a Newcrom B Column by SIELC Technologies.

Separation type: Liquid Chromatography Mixed-mode

HPLC-MS Method for Separation of Metabolites and Biomarkers on Newcrom B Column by SIELC Technologies
HPLC Method for Analysis of Metabolites and Biomarkers on Newcrom B Column by SIELC Technologies

Metabolites and biomarkers are key terms in the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology, and medicine.

  1. Metabolites:
    • Definition: These are small molecules produced during metabolism, which is the set of chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life. Metabolites can be either products of metabolism or the substrates used in metabolic reactions.
    • Types: There are primary metabolites, which are directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction (like amino acids and sugars), and secondary metabolites, which often have specialized roles such as defense mechanisms in plants (like alkaloids or antibiotics).
    • Uses: In the context of drug testing, for instance, the presence of certain metabolites can reveal whether someone has taken a specific drug, even if the drug itself is no longer present in the person’s system.
  2. Biomarkers:
    • Definition: A biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often used to assess the risk or presence of disease, to monitor the progress of disease, or to see how the body responds to a treatment.
    • Types: Biomarkers can be specific cells, molecules, genes, enzymes, hormones, or metabolites. They can also be measurements like heart rate or blood pressure.
    • Uses: In medicine, biomarkers can be used for early disease detection (like elevated PSA levels indicating potential prostate cancer), monitoring disease progression (like HIV viral load tests to see how well antiretroviral treatment is working), or understanding disease mechanisms. They can also be used to see if a body has been exposed to certain harmful substances, indicating potential harm or risk.

N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA) is a common metabolite of the herbicide and pollutant Acrolein. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid (2HIB) is a neuro and adrenal toxin that is a common metabolite of the fuel additives Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE). N-Acetyl(Carbomylethyl)cysteine (NAE) is a metabolite of Acrylamide which can act as a neuro toxin in cases of long term exposure. N-Acetyl(propyl)cysteine (NAPR) is a metabolite of the popular industrial organic solvent 1-bromopropane (1-BP). Perchlorate (PERC) inhibits thyroid activity and can be used to treat hyperthyroidism, but can be toxic in large amounts or in regularly-functioning thyroids. Diphenylphosphate (DPP) is a metabolite of the popular flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). These acidic toxin metabolites can be retained, separated, and analyzed on a mixed-mode Newcrom B column with a mobile phase consisting of water, Acetonitrile (MeCN), and Ammonium Acetate (AmAc). This analytical method can be detected with high resolution and peak symmetry with many evaporative detection methods, including Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD), Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD), and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for Mass Spectrometry (MS).

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analyses of Michler’s ketone

Condition

ColumnNewcrom B, 4.6 x 150 mm, 5 µm, 100 A
Mobile PhaseGradient MeCN/H2O – 5-50%, 20 min
BufferGradient Ammonium acetate pH 4.0 –10-25 mM, 20 min
Flow Rate1.0 ml/min
DetectionESI- and ESI

Description

Class of CompoundsMetabolites and Biomarkers
Analyzing CompoundsMetabolites and Biomarkers

Application Column

Newcrom B

Column Diameter: 4.6 mm
Column Length: 150 mm
Particle Size: 5 µm
Pore Size: 100 A

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Application Analytes:
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
Diphenyl phosphate
N-Acetyl (Carbamoylmethyl) cysteine
N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine
N-Acetyl-S-propyl-L-cysteine
Perchlorate
SIELC Technologies usually develops more than one method for each compound. Therefore, this particular method may not be the best available method from our portfolio for your specific application. Before you decide to implement this method in your research, please send us an email to research@sielc.com so we can ensure you get optimal results for your compound/s of interest.

HPLC Method for Analysis of Inorganic anions on BIST™A+ Column

July 7, 2022

 

Separation type: Bridge Ion Separation Technology, or BIST™
 

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Inorganic anions, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide,  Perchlorate

Using SIELC’s newly introduced BIST™ method, a mixture of many different inorganic anions can be separated on a negatively-charged, cation-exchange BIST™ A column, contrary to conventional chromatographic wisdom. There are two keys to this retention method: 1) a multi-charged, positive buffer, such as N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMDAP), which acts as a bridge, linking the negatively-charged anion analytes to the negatively-charged column surface and 2) a mobile phase consisting mostly of organic solvent (such as MeCN) to minimize the formation of a solvation layer around the charged analytes. Other positively-charged buffers that can generate BIST™ include Calcium acetate and Magnesium acetate. Using this new and unique analysis method, these anions can be separated, retained, and detected through ELSD. This method is also compatible with Mass Spectrometry.

Condition

Column BIST™ A+, 4.6×50 mm, 5µm, 100A
Mobile Phase MeCN – 90%
Buffer TMDAP ( N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3-diaminopropane) formate – 5 mM pH 4.0
Flow Rate 1.0 ml/min
Detection ELSD, 70C

 

Description

Class of Compounds
 Acid, Inorganic anion
Analyzing Compounds Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide,  Perchlorate, TFA, Methanesulfonic acid

Application Column

BIST A

BIST™ columns offer a unique and effective way to achieve separations that were traditionally challenging or even impossible with other HPLC columns. With the use of a special mobile phase, these ion exchange columns provide very strong retention for analytes with the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications. What makes BIST™ columns stand out is their proprietary surface chemistry, which results in superior selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity. These columns offer a simple, efficient solution for a variety of analytical challenges, making them an excellent choice for researchers and analysts across many different fields. To learn more about the technology that powers BIST™ columns and to explore related applications, check out https://BIST.LC.

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BIST A+

BIST™ columns offer a unique and effective way to achieve separations that were traditionally challenging or even impossible with other HPLC columns. With the use of a special mobile phase, these ion exchange columns provide very strong retention for analytes with the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications. What makes BIST™ columns stand out is their proprietary surface chemistry, which results in superior selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity. These columns offer a simple, efficient solution for a variety of analytical challenges, making them an excellent choice for researchers and analysts across many different fields. To learn more about the technology that powers BIST™ columns and to explore related applications, check out https://BIST.LC.

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Application Analytes:
Bromide
Chloride
Iodide
Methanesulfonic Acid
Nitrate
Perchlorate
TFA (Trifluoroacetic Acid)
SIELC Technologies usually develops more than one method for each compound. Therefore, this particular method may not be the best available method from our portfolio for your specific application. Before you decide to implement this method in your research, please send us an email to research@sielc.com so we can ensure you get optimal results for your compound/s of interest.

HPLC Separation of Polar Pesticides on Newcrom B Column

November 19, 2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pesticide is a more generic term that includes herbicides, fungicides and insecticides in its definition. Herbicides are used to control unwanted plants, they are also known as weedkillers. Insecticides are used to kill insects. Fungicides are used to kill parasitic fungi. All are heavily used in agriculture. By using HPLC, many different pesticides can be separated and their retention characteristics controlled using the Newcrom B mixed-mode column.

Condition

Column Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase MeCN/H2O – 10/90%
Buffer AmFm pH 3.0 Gradient  5 – 60 mM 15 min
Flow Rate 1 ml/min
Detection CAD

 

Condition 2

Column Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase MeCN/H2O – 10/90%
Buffer AmFm pH 3.0 Gradient  5 – 15 mM 10 min
Flow Rate 1 ml/min
Detection CAD

 

 

Description

Class of Compounds Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Insecticides
Analyzing Compounds Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), Bialaphos, Glyphosate, Phosphorous acid H3PO3, Fosetyl-Al, Bromide, Chlorate, Perchlorate, 3-Methylphosphinicopropionic acid (MPPA), Bromide

 

Application Column

Newcrom B

The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse-phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 is a special reverse-phase column with low silanol activity.

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Application Analytes:
3-(Methylphosphinico)propionic acid
Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)
Bialaphos
Bromate
Bromide
Chlorate
Fosetyl-Al
Glyphosate
Perchlorate
Phosphorous acid
Sodium Bromate
SIELC Technologies usually develops more than one method for each compound. Therefore, this particular method may not be the best available method from our portfolio for your specific application. Before you decide to implement this method in your research, please send us an email to research@sielc.com so we can ensure you get optimal results for your compound/s of interest.

HPLC Determination of Chloride, Chlorate and Perchlorate on Newcrom B Column

December 10, 2019


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Main source of contamination of environment by perchlorates are rocket fuels, car airbags, and fireworks.
EPA developed regulation of the perchlorate level in drinking water which already adapted by several states.
The most convenient, universal and very sensitive way to measure perchlorate is chromatography.
SIELC developed a simple, rugged, and selective HPLC method which allows to measure perchlorate in different matrices including drinking water.
This method allows to measure simultaneously other chloro containing ions such as chloride, and chlorate.
The method shows high selectivity and specificity.
The mobile phase is a simple mixture of water acetonitrile and ammonium formate.
The column used in the analysis has advanced surface chemistry with long chain holding a terminal positively changed functional group.

Condition

Column Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase MeCN/H2O – 10/90%
Buffer Gradient AmFm pH 3.0 –  40-100 mM , 10 min
Flow Rate 1.0 ml/min
Detection CAD

Description

Class of Compounds Ions, Hydrophilic, Ionizable
Analyzing Compounds Sodium Chloride, Sodium Chlorate, Sodium Perchlorate

Application Column

Newcrom B

The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse-phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 is a special reverse-phase column with low silanol activity.

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Application Analytes:
Chlorate
Chloride
Perchlorate
Sodium Chlorate
SIELC Technologies usually develops more than one method for each compound. Therefore, this particular method may not be the best available method from our portfolio for your specific application. Before you decide to implement this method in your research, please send us an email to research@sielc.com so we can ensure you get optimal results for your compound/s of interest.

HPLC Separation of Inorganic Anions on Newcrom BH Column

October 23, 2019


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Condition

Column Newcrom BH, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase MeCN/H2O – 10/90%
Buffer Gradient AmAc pH 5.0 –  20-90 mM , 20 min
Flow Rate 1.0 ml/min
Detection CAD (Corona)  (MS-compatible mobile phase)

Description

Class of Compounds Ions, Hydrophilic, Ionizable
Analyzing Compounds Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide, Sulfate,  Perchlorate

Application Column

Newcrom BH

The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse-phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 is a special reverse-phase column with low silanol activity.

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Application Analytes:
Bromide
Chloride
Iodide
Iodine
Nitrate
Perchlorate
Phosphate
Sodium
Sulfate
SIELC Technologies usually develops more than one method for each compound. Therefore, this particular method may not be the best available method from our portfolio for your specific application. Before you decide to implement this method in your research, please send us an email to research@sielc.com so we can ensure you get optimal results for your compound/s of interest.

Separation of Chlorate, Perchlorate, and Phosphonate Ions

July 30, 2015

 

The ionic forms of Chlorate, Perchlorate, and Phosphonates are useful in many industries including medicine, paper and use in explosives. Due to their lack of UV activity, an ELSD was used to detect both the anions and cations of all three sodium salts. The ions were retained on both Primesep D and Obelisc R columns. Primesep D is a reverse phase column with embedded basic ion-pairing groups. Obelisc R is also a reverse phase column, but can be additionally tuned due to embedded ionic groups and a hydrophobic chain.

Condition 1

Column Primesep D, 2.1×100 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase Gradient MeCN – 10-40%, 12 min
Buffer Gradient AmFm pH 2.3- 30-80 mM, 12 min
Flow Rate 0.4 ml/min
Detection ELSD

 

Condition 2

Column Obelisc R, 2.1×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase Gradient MeCN – 10-40%, 12 min
Buffer Gradient AmFm pH 2.3- 30-80 mM, 12 min
Flow Rate 0.4 ml/min
Detection ELSD

 

 

Description

Class of Compounds
  Hydrophilic, Ionizable
Analyzing Compounds Chlorate, Perchlorate,  Phosphonate Ions

 

Application Column

Obelisc R

SIELC has developed the Obelisc™ columns, which are mixed-mode and utilize Liquid Separation Cell technology (LiSC™). These cost-effective columns are the first of their kind to be commercially available and can replace multiple HPLC columns, including reversed-phase (RP), AQ-type reversed-phase, polar-embedded group RP columns, normal-phase, cation-exchange, anion-exchange, ion-exclusion, and HILIC (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) columns. By controlling just three orthogonal method parameters - buffer concentration, buffer pH, and organic modifier concentration - users can adjust the column properties with pinpoint precision to separate complex mixtures.

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Primesep D

The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offers a wide variety of stationary phases, boasting unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds across multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns, available with all stationary phases, do not require holders. SIELC provides a method development service available to all customers. Inquire about our specially-tailored custom LC-phases for specific separations.

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Application Analytes:
Chlorate
Perchlorate
Phosphonate
Sodium

Application Detection:
ELSD Detection
SIELC Technologies usually develops more than one method for each compound. Therefore, this particular method may not be the best available method from our portfolio for your specific application. Before you decide to implement this method in your research, please send us an email to research@sielc.com so we can ensure you get optimal results for your compound/s of interest.

HPLC Analysis of Basic Drugs and Acidic Counter-Ions by Mixed-Mode Chromatography

July 16, 2009

The majority of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry are administered in salt form. The presence of two counter-ions very often necessitates the use of two methods. The nature of these counterparts in drugs can be an inorganic cation and organic acid, inorganic anion and organic base, and organic cation and organic anion. Furthermore, the properties of the molecules will result in a differing stoichiometry. The task of simultaneous quantitation of counter-ions can be achieved by using mixed-mode columns. The general approach for analysis is based on properties of corresponding counter-ions. Hydrophobic basic drugs, like dextromethorphan, verapamil, trimipramine, and corresponding acidic counter-ions (chloride, chlorate, bromide, bromate, perchlorate, maleate, fumarate,tartrate, succinate, phosphate, citrate, benzosulfonate, toleuensulfonate) can be separated and quantitated in the same run on reversed-phase anion-exchange column. Basic hydrophobic drugs are retained by the reversed-phase mechanism, and counter-ions are retained by the reversed-phase and anion-exchange mechanism. Some polar counter-ions are retained only by the anion-exchange mechanism. Retention time and selectivity of HPLC separation of drugs and counter-ions can be achieved by changing the amount of acetonitrile and the amount of ions in the mobile phase. The detection technique depends on the properties of the counter-ions. In case of low or no UV activity, ELSD can be employed if the counter-ion forms a non-volatile salt with the mobile phase additive (ammonium formate). This HPLC method can be used for simultaneous quantitation of other basic drugs and counter-ions. The presence of two mechanisms of retention allows control over retention times of drug and counter-ion independently, and even allows a change of order of elution when necessary.

Condition

Column Primesep D , 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase MeCN/H2O
Buffer AmFm pH 3.0
Flow Rate 1.0 ml/min
Detection ELSD, UV 270

Description

Class of Compounds Ions, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Base, Acids, Ionizable
Analyzing Compounds Sodium Chloride, Sodium chloride, Sodium Chlorate, Sodium bromide, Sodium bromate, Perchloric Acid, Maleic Acid, Fumaric Acid, Tartaric Acid, Succinic Acid, Phosphoric Acid, Citric acid, Benzosulfonic acid,  Dextromethorphan, Verapamil, Trimipramine

Application Column

Primesep D

The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offers a wide variety of stationary phases, boasting unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds across multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns, available with all stationary phases, do not require holders. SIELC provides a method development service available to all customers. Inquire about our specially-tailored custom LC-phases for specific separations.

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Application Analytes:
Benzenesulfonic Acid
Bromide
Chlorate
Chloride
Citric Acid
Dextromethorphan
Fumaric Acid
Maleic Acid
Organic Acids
Perchlorate
Phosphoric Acid
Pyrilamine
Succinic Acid
Tartaric Acid
Verapamil
p-Toluenesulfonic Acid (PTSA)

Application Detection:
ELSD Detection
UV Detection
SIELC Technologies usually develops more than one method for each compound. Therefore, this particular method may not be the best available method from our portfolio for your specific application. Before you decide to implement this method in your research, please send us an email to research@sielc.com so we can ensure you get optimal results for your compound/s of interest.