Compound: Citric Acid

HPLC Analysis of Pseudoephedrine and Citric Acid on Primesep Column

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Separation of Alginic Acid and Related Products

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Alginate is used in various pharmaceutical preparations. Chemically, it is a linear copolymer with homopolymeric blocks of (1-4)-linked ?-D-mannuronate (M) and its C-5 epimer ?-L-guluronate (G) residues, respectively, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks. Alginic acid can be separated from benzoate, citric acid and saccharin by mixed-mode chromatography on Primesep C HPLC column. This method can be used to quantitate alginic acid, citric acid or saccharin in complex mixtures. Various detection technique can be used (UV, ELSD, LC/MS), based on mobile phase selection.

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HPLC Separation of Citric Acid and Phosphate Ions in HILIC Chromatography

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Citric acid and phosphate ion are separated by HILIC on Primesep N HILIC HPLC column. Both compounds are very hydrophilic. Citric acid and phosphate ions are well separated with excellent peak shape. Method can be used for quantitation of citrate and phosphate in various formulations. Because of the lack of UV activity, separation can be monitored by LC/MS, ELSD or Corona CAD. Method can be used for other hydrophilic organic and inorganic acids.

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HPLC Analysis of Basic Drugs and Acidic Counter-Ions by Mixed-Mode Chromatography

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Majority of the drugs in pharmaceutical industries are administered in a salt form. The presence of two counter-ions very often requires two methods. The nature of these counterparts in drugs can be: inorganic cation and organic acid, inorganic anion and organic base, and organic cation and organic anion. Based on the property of molecules the stoichiometry can be different also. The task of simultaneous quantitation of counter-ions can be achieved by using mixed-mode columns. The general approach for analysis is based on properties of corresponding counter-ions. Hydrophobic basic drugs, like dextromethorphan, verapamil, trimipramine, and corresponding acidic counter-ions (chloride, chlorate, bromide, bromate, perchlorate, maleate, fumarate,tartrate, succinate, phosphate, citrate, benzosulfonate, toleuensulfonate) can be separated and quantitated in the same run on reversed-phase anion-exchange column. Basic hydrophobic drugs are retained by reversed-phase mechanism, and counter-ion are retained by reversed-phase and anion-exchange mechanism. Some polar counter-ions are retained only by anion-exchange mechanism. Retention time and selectivity of HPLC separation of drugs and counter-ions can be achieved by changing amount of acetonitrile and amount of ions in the mobile phase. Detection technique depends on the properties of counter-ions. In case of low or no UV activity, ELSD can be employed if counter-ion forms non-volatile salt wit mobile phase additive (ammonium formate). This HPLC method can be used for simultaneous quantitation of other basic drugs and counter-ions. Presence of two mechanisms of retention allows to control retention times of drug and counter-ion independently, and even change order of elution when necessary.

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