Norepinephrine

CAS Number	51-41-2
Molecular Formula	C8H11NO3
Molecular Weight	169.180 g/mol
InChI Key	SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N
LogP	-1.24
Synonyms	Norepinephrine 4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]- 51-41-2 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]- (-)-(R)-Norepinephrine (-)-Arterenol (-)-Noradrenaline (-)-Norepinephrine (-)-α-(Aminomethyl)protocatechuyl alcohol (R)-(-)-Norepinephrine (R)-Noradrenaline (R)-Norepinephrine 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-, (R)- 4-((1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol Adrenor Aktamin Arterenol Arterenol, l- Benzyl alcohol, α-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-, (-)- l-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol l-2-Amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanolamine l-Arterenol Levarterenol Levoarterenol Levonor Levonoradrenaline Levonorepinephrine Levophed l-Noradrenaline l-Norepinephrine l-α-(Aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol Noradrenalin Noradrenaline Norartrinal norepinefrina Norepinephrin Norepirenamine Nor-Epirenan Sympathin E BRN 4231961 EINECS 200-096-6 Noradrenalin, l- D-(-)-Noradrenaline Noradrenalinum Levarterenolo Noradrenalina Noreinefrina Norepinephrinum UNII-X4W3ENH1CV (-)-alpha-(Aminomethyl)protocatechuyl alcohol (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol (R)-Noradrenaline 4-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl]pyrocatechol 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol L-alpha-(Aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol 4899-05-2 66197-73-7

Applications:

Separation of Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Primesep 200 separates the catecholamines, norepinephrine and epinephrine, less than 8 minutes. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are baseline resolved by a combination of reversed-phase, and ion-exchange mechanisms. Excellent peak shape results with a mass spec compatible mobile phase of water, acetonitrile (MeCN, ACN) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with UV detection at 210 nm.

Condition
Column	Primesep 200, 3.2x150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase	MeCN/H2O - 10/90%
Buffer	TFA - 0.05%
Flow Rate	1.0 ml/min
Detection	UV, 210 nm

Description
Class of Compounds	Drug, Acid, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Hormone
Analyzing Compounds	Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

HPLC Separation of Polar Compounds

The separation of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, can be challenging to separate on a reverse-phase column due to their high polarity. Using a mixed-mode HPLC column, allows the separation of amino acids by cation-exchange and ion-exclusion mechanisms as well as hydrophobicity. Fine tuning of separation can be achieved with changes in organic concentration of the mobile phase as well as choice of buffer and pH.

Condition
Column	Primesep 200, 4.6x150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase	MeCN/H2O
Buffer	AcOH, AmFm
Flow Rate	1.0 ml/min
Detection	ELSD

Description
Class of Compounds	Drug, Acid, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Hormone
Analyzing Compounds	Aspartic acid, Glutaric acid, Glycine, Hydroxytriptophan, GABA, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

Aspartic Acid
Dopamine
Glutamic Acid
Norepinephrine
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Separation of Serotonin, Dopamine, and Related Compounds

Catecholamines are chemical compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine containing catechol and amine groups. Some of them are biogenic amines. Retention of compounds of the catecholamine pathway is achieved on Obelisc N column. All polar compounds are well retained by combination of HILIC and ion-exchange mechanisms. Obelisc N columns produce very good peak shapes for all analytes. The method is very sensitive to amount of ACN, buffer and buffer pH. The retention time changes with variation of the main parameters. This method can be used for quantitation of biogenic amines and related compounds (homovanillic acid, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, hydroxytryptophan, epinephrine and DOPA) in urine, blood and other biological fluids. Further optimization of this HPLC method can be used during screening and validation. Amines and acids can be analyzed in the same run and retained by a combination of polar organic mode, cation-exchange and anion-exchange modes. Various buffers within specified pH can be employed (ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, sodium phosphate, etc.).

Condition
Column	Obelisc N, 4.6x150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase	MeCN/H2O
Buffer	AmAc pH 4.0- 30 mM
Flow Rate	1.0 ml/min
Detection	UV, 270 nm

Description
Class of Compounds	Drug, Acid, Monocarboxylic acid, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Hormone
Analyzing Compounds	Homovanillic acid, Dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, Serotonin, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Hydroxytryptophan, DOPA

DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)
DOPAC (Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid)
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Homovanillic Acid
Hydroxytryptophan
Norepinephrine
Serotonin

HPLC Separation of Neurotransmitters and Related Drugs

Epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) are hormones and neurotransmitters. Epinephrine is synthesized from norepinephrine in a synthetic pathway shared by all catecholamines, including L-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Phenylephrine is used as a decongestant, available as an oral medicine or as a nasal spray. Phenylephrine is now the most common over-the-counter (OTC) decongestant. All three compounds are used in various drug compositions. Separation of epinephrine and norepinephrine is a challenging task due to polarity and close properties of two compounds. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine are separated in this method on Obelisc R mixed-mode HPLC columns. The method is very sensitive to variation of pH and pH adjustment can be used to achieve desired selectivity and retention time. Other catecholamines can be analyzed using this HPLC method. The method can be used as a stability indicating or a impurity profiling approach to the analysis of neurotransmitters in drug formulation, blood, serum and urine.

Condition
Column	Obelisc R, 4.6x150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase	MeCN/H2O
Buffer	AmFm
Flow Rate	1.0 ml/min
Detection	UV, 250 nm

Description
Class of Compounds	Drug, Acid, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Hormone
Analyzing Compounds	Phenylalanine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Phenylephrine

HPLC Separation of Catecholamines on Primesep 100 Column with Phosphate Buffers

The catecholamine neurotransmitters are amino-acid derivatives of tyrosine. DOPA, tyrosine, phenylalanine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine and baseline are resolved on a Primesep 100 column with UV-transparent phosphate buffer. This method can be used for analysis of catecholamines and related impurities in various matrices. Peak order and retention time can be changed by changing the amount of ACN, buffer concentration and buffer pH. Various buffers can be used to accommodate desired detection technique. Primesep 100 is a reversed-phase cation-exchange mixed-mode column that can be used for analysis of polar neutral, polar ionizable, polar zwitter-ionic, hydrophobic neutral, and hydrophobic ionic compounds in the same run. Column can be operated in reverse-phase, cation-exchange, anion-exclusion, HILIC and mixed-modes depending on the mobile phase selection and nature of analytes. Column is compatible with LC/MS and does not require use of ion-pairing reagents.

Condition
Column	Primesep 100, 4.6x150 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase	MeCN/H2O
Buffer	Na2HPO4
Flow Rate	1.0 ml/min
Detection	UV, 210 nm

Description
Class of Compounds	Drug, Acid, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Hormone
Analyzing Compounds	Tyrosine, DOPA, Phenylalanine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine

DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine

USP Methods for the Analysis of Norepinephrine using the Legacy L1 Column

Application Notes: Norepinephrine is a naturally occurring hormone and neurotransmitter. The USP HPLC method for the separation of norepinephrine was developed on Legacy L1 column according to the US Pharmacopeia methodology. L1 classification is assigned to reversed-phase HPLC column containing C18 ligand. Support for the material is spherical silica gel with particles size 3-10 um and pore size of 100-120A. Resolution between critical pairs corresponds to rules and specifications of UPS. Application Columns: Legacy L1 C18 HPLC column Application compounds: Norepinephrine Mobile phase: Sodium heptanesulfonate/H2O/MeOH 0.22/160/40 pH 3.0 Detection technique: UV Reference: USP35: NF30

Condition
Column	Legacy L1, 4.6x250 mm, 5 µm, 100A
Mobile Phase	Sodium heptanesulfonate/H2O/MeOH 0.22/160/40 pH 3.0
Buffer	Sodium heptanesulfonate
Flow Rate	1.0 ml/min
Detection	UV, 280 nm